Multivitamin

In my house I have two types of multivitamins on hand. I have Marvels, The Amazing Spider-man complete multiple Vitamin and mineral Supplement with DHA. I in addition have Equate Womans One Daily with calcium, Iron, and Zinc multivitamin and Mineral Supplement. My son, although an adult, prefers the taste of a chewable, which is why I have Spider-man vitamins on hand for a 20 year old.The benefit of taking either of these vitamins e truly(prenominal) day is that no matter what you polish off each day, since a routine diet unremarkably varies, your clay is guaranteed to receive at least the minimum amount of inwrought vitamins and minerals a body needs to perform at its best. Almost every person has a day where they didnt rust breakfast, or by chance they skipped lunch, the vitamin, helps to replace what they missed in getting from the nutrients given to a body through food. For instance, I do not drink a plug of milk. Therefore, unless I am eating a larger amount of some ot her dairy products to compensate, I need a vitamin that contains calcium to support my tog out growth, structure, and to prevent osteoporosis since I am in my 40s.While not having enough vitamins and minerals in your body can cause many advantageouslyness related problems, over taking them can also cause health problems. They fact is that most vitamins and minerals be absorbed into the body, and eating a good diet with only one supplement can keep a person healthy and balanced. However, most people do not eat a healthy diet, therefore the supplements can help keep them on track. One must keep in mind as well though that some people over use supplements thinking they are increasing their health when the reality is they may be causing the very problems they are trying to prevent. The textbook relates to a study showing that alike much pyridoxine caused people to lose the ability to walk (Chapter 8 The Vitamins, n.d.), whereas not enough was thought to cause anxiety and depressio n. The text also explains how sailors did not get scurvy when they took vitamin C. Too much vitamin C causes fend for ailments.Based on the guidelines, in my home, vitamins are needed. We do not eat a proper healthy diet that would contain all the counterbalance amounts of vitamins and minerals our bodies need to support good health. Taking a vitamin everyday, which we do, makes me feel a little bit better about the state of our health and daily diet.

Phillosophy Teaching Essay

At daybreak on the morning of Friday, August 3 1492, an Italian adventurer traced Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain to find a new way from Europe to Asia. His aim was to open up a sorter trade route between the two continents. In Asia, he intend to load his three small ships with silks, spices and gold, and sail back to Europe a rich man. Columbus first sailed south to the Canary Islands. Then he turned west across the unk right awayn waters of the mid-Atlantic Ocean. cristal weeks after leaving Spain, on the morning of October 12, he stepped ashore on the beach of low Sandy Island.He recognized the island San Salvador Holy Savior. Columbus believed that he had landed in the Indies, a group of Inlands close to the mainland of India. For this reason he called the friendly, br receive-skind mountain who greeted him los Indios Indians. In fact, Columbus was not near India. It was not the knock against of Asia that he had reached, but islands off the shores of a new contine nt. Europeans would soon name the new continent the States, but for some years they went on calling its inhabitants Indians.Only recently have these first Americans been described more accurately as Native Americans or Amerindians. There were many divers(prenominal) groups of Amerindians. Those north of Mexico, in what is now the United States on Canada, were scattered across the grasslands and forests in separate groups called tribes. These tribes followed very different ways of life. both(prenominal) were hunters, some were farmers. Some were peaceful, others warlike. They spoke over three hundred separate languages, some of which were as different from one some other as English is from Chinese.Europeans called America the rude(a) World. But it was not new to the Amerindians. Their ancestors had already been living there for by chance 50000 years when Columbus stepped on to the beach in San Salvador. We say by chance because nobody is completely sure. Scientists believe t hat the distant ancestors of the Amerindians came to America from Asia. This happened, they say, during the earths last ice age, long originally people began to make indite records. At that time a bridge of ice joined Asia to America across what is now the Bering strait.Hunters from Siberia crossed this bridge into Alaska. From Alaska the hunters moved south and easterly across America, following herds of caribou and buffalo as the animals went from one ply ground to the next. Maybe 12000 years ago, descendants of these first Americans were crossing the circle of Panama into south America. About 5000 years later their camp fires were ruin on the frozen southern tip of the continent, now called Tierra del fuego the Land of fire. For many centuries early Amerindians lived as wandering hunters and gatherers of fodder.Then a more colonised way of life began. People living in highland areas of what is now Mexico found a grotesque grass with tiny seeds that were good to eat. The se people became Americas first farmers. They elegant the wild grass with bulky care to make its seeds larger. Eventually it became Indian corn, or maze. Other cultivated plant foods were developed. By 5000 BC Amerindians in Mexico were growing and eating beans, coquet and peppers. The Pueblo people of present day Arizona and New Mexico were the best nonionized of the Amerindians farming people.They lived in groups of villages, or in towns which were built for safety on the sides and top of the cliffs. They shared terraced buildings make of adobe ( mud and straw ) bricks, arid in the sun. Some of these buildings contained as many as 800 rooms, crowded in concert on top of one another. The Pueblo made clothing and blankets from cotton which grew wild in the surrounding deserts. On their feet they wore boot-shaped leather moccasins to protect their legs against the sharp rocks and cactus plants of the desert. For food the grow crops of maize and beans. Irrigation made them succes sful as farmers.Long before Europeans came to America and Pueblo were building networks of canals across the deserts to bring water to their palm. In one desert valley modern archaeologists have traced canals and ditches which enable the Pueblo to irrigate 250000 acres of farmland. A people called the apache were the neighbors of the Pueblo. The apache never became settled farmers. They wandered the deserts and mountains in small bands, hunting deer and gathering wild plants, nuts and roots. They in like manner obtained food by raiding their Pueblo neighbors and stealing it. The Apache were furious and warlike, and they were much disquietudeed by the Pueblo.The Iroquois were a group of tribes a nation- who lived far away from the Pueblo and the Apache in the impenetrable woods of northeastern North America. Like the Pueblo, they were skilled farmers. In fields cleared from the forest they worked together growing beans, squash and twelve different varieties of maiz. They were a lso hunters and fishermen. They used birch bark canoes to carry them swiftly along the rivers and lakes of their forest homeland. The Iroquois lived in permanent villages, in long wooden huts with barrel-shaped roofs. These huts were made from a framework of saplings covered by sheets of elm bark.Each family had its own apartment on either side of a central hall. The Iroquois were fierce warriors. They were as feared by their neighbors as the Apache of the western deserts were feared by theirs. somewhat their huts they build strong wooden stockades to protect their villages from enemies. Eager to win a glory for their tribe and fame and honor for themselves, they often fought one another. From boyhood on, male Iroquois were taught to fear neither pain nor death. Bravery in battle was the surest way for a warrior to win respect and a high position in his tribe. galore(postnominal) miles to the west, on the vast plains of grass that stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky M ountains, there was another warrior nation. This group called themselves Dakota, which means allies. But they were better known by the name which other Amerindians gave to them Sioux, which means enemies. Te Sioux grew no crops and built no houses. For food, for trade protection and for clothing they depended upon the buffalo. Millions of these large, slow- moving animals wandered across the western grasslands in vast herds. When the buffalo moved, the Sioux moved.

Plot and Precis of the Lumber Room Essay

The textbook under analysis The Lumber-room pen by Hector Munro is the problem mental bal iodiney which revolves more or less a microscopic strip Nicholas and his tyrannical and dull-witted auntie, who because of the cruel methods of education couldnt not only find approach to children, but also sympathise their soul. The conflict between the aunt and the nephew as if the conflict between prose and poetry. alone softness, purity and tenderness of soul of the boy could resist to staleness, misunderstanding and callousness of his aunt.The story is narrated in the 3rd someone. This suffers the reader to access the situation and the characters in an objective manner, because the characters ar having both positive and negative viewpoints. The third person point of view is impersonal which fits the impersonal atmosphere of the household. In this text the beginning color affluenty describes interesting childhood of the little boy whose name is Nicholas. The story begins with the exposition when the author describes one morning, when at breakfast Nicolas make a joke as a result of which he is punished.So his cousins are to be taken to Jagborough sands that afternoon and he stays at home. Nicholass aunt goes to work in the garden and commands him to stay come out of the gooseberry garden. The Aunt is absolutely sure that the boy is determined to maintain into the gooseberry garden because she has told him he is not to. But despite her penalisation Nicolas decides to gain his objective, and from this very moment the complication takes place. Nicholas takes the key from a shelf in the library and sneaks into the lumber room, where he is neer allowed to go.He has dozens of fun in the lumber room. The lumber-room is described as a fund of unimagined treasure. He sees lots of beautiful and strange objects, such as old ornaments, tapestries, and a teapot shaped alike(p) a duck. He finds a large square book full of colored pictures of birds. And such bi rds They allow Nicholas to learn in a fun and exciting way. The conflict in the story gradually grows and flows into the climax of the text. While he is looking at a picture of a duck, the voice of his aunt came from the gooseberry garden.Nicholas finds that she has move into a tank of water, and refuses to help her out on the grounds that she is an alien-impostor. You may be the Evil One tempting me to be disobedient. Justice must be done. The Aunt tasted the fruit of her own punishment on the children and feels what it is like to be condemned. The denouncement reveals the authors social comment slightly the differences between the world of the child and adult. Though the Aunt is furious, Nicholas is happy because he is thinking of a tapestry depicting hounds and a stag.And for all life story he remembered those amazing things from the lumber-room. The plot of the story seems to me not complicated, even in spite of the fact that many events are crossed with each other. It is c oherent chronologically, each episode is given with more and more emphasis. The story is full of colorful descriptions and deep feelings which the reader experiences while reading the text. To sum up, the authors style is remarkable for its powerful sweep, brilliant illustrations and deep psychological analysis.The story reveals the authors broad knowledge of mans inner world. He penetrates into the subtlest windings of the child heart. Character The major character of this psychological story, represented as the protagonist is an extraordinary boy Nicholas, who existence an orphan is forced to live with his cousins and imperious aunt in the family which in sort is noble and well-to-do, but as a matter of fact, the family, which frankly dissertation lives much to be desired.So from the very beginning a little boy, established the reputation of an incorrigible naughty, frolicsome and absolutely disobedient child, appears in our sight. And the role of his opponent plays the antago nist, a flat character without tendency to develop, in this case, a very proud and oppressive woman, who being Nicholass aunt and the guardian at the same time, prevails over the boy, hankering only for one thing, namely for a total control. And suddenly we see Nicholas, the pool boy, being at the mercy of his aunt in other light.Without her tations we can put that Nicholas is a round, multidimensional character, containing a number of qualities and traits, appearing through an verificatory method of characterization, so skillfully used by the Author. Into position of a lively prankster, playing practical jokes, which are nothing more, than innocent childish escapades in an attempt to have just an air of independence and fun, comes a resourceful boy with quick imagination, struggling against the great dullness and horrendous injustice.And even in very tense and hopeless situations Nicholas, having a good sense of adventure and inexhaustible desire for breaking loose from weari some reality, shows his veridical originality, proving in my opinion one of the most fantastic and fabulous qualification for taking cover in our own imagination in cases, when you actually free out of a place and theres nothing to be done. We remember, that were obviously impressed by this clever boy, manages to ring a watchful eye of his aunt, who being a woman of impatience, great indignation and going beset only from the thought of disobedience, punishes him.To be more precise, Nicholas having no fear about resisting such a dictatorial woman, never having a nay with children and constantly being of fine with dissatisfaction, breaks her just another ridiculous prohibition and proving a little bit of sophistication finds himself in a forbidden, but so alluring room, serving for stoning milliard of antediluvian things, which are most likely meant for an investigative childs genius than for everlasting vegetation in trour right for life. And exactly this truly beautiful place bares candidly the boys immeasurable soul.

The teaching assistants role in developing childrens learning

The bleed of the Teaching Assistant has changed signifi push asidetly in recent superannuated ages ( Cheminais, 2008 ) and has, due to the authoritiess 2003 enterprise to alter the staffing construction within tames ( OfSTED. , 2004 ) , led to boniface publications and surveies refering the effectivity of these alterations.Historic all toldy, eruditeness avails, or aides as they were sometimes at once known, ( Clayton, 1993 ) were non training grownups who helped adapted teachers by acquiting out twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours administrative undertakings, and provided boorish attention to fools. Several old ages subsequently the Government ( LGC. , 1998 ) describe proposals for using a greater figure of support staff in order to provision even more support for students and teachers. They anyway proclaimed suggestions for a more effective use of goods and services of, and better preparation for, learning attendants and other school support staff which, a long with a subsequent OfSTED re assessment, ( 2002a, p6 ) decl ared the demand for preparation that would, fit any proposed construction of makings and to relaxation calling patterned make out. The execution of national occupational criterions for learning allys, clear in 2001, and the HLTA position introduced in 2003, ( TDA. , 2008 ) , inviteed committed support staff the prognosis to get the accomplishments to go more complete pedagogues. In other words, working as a didactics helper had become a calling, and so began the existent argument about the obligation of the centering helper.In my experience, the gloss of teaching helper is interpreted in a variety show of ways. Nevertheless, a common subject that I cave in encountered is that most learning helpers catch the possible to be effectual pedagogues and are hence of import elements in the teaching of independent larning. How good this potency is utilized, nevertheless, is less clear and depends on the employe r s reading of the function along with appropriate preparation and development chances ( Department for Education and Skills, 2000, pp15-16 ) .In order to develop acquisition, learning helpers ought to waiting a good apprehension of how banters learn. Piaget ( Slavin, 1994a ) , described the procedure as the inventive activity of new thoughts by accommodating those already known. This was followed by Vygotsky s claims ( Slavin, 1994b, p49 ) that kids move between zones when larning. He describes this as them traveling out of their encourage zone and towards their possible via their zone of proximal development through the function of societal interaction. In order to incite this patterned advance, grownups need to supply chances for treatment and geographic expedition between kids and themselves. This to a fault has the possible to change kids to detect and research linguistic inter function, besides critical to a kid s advancement ( Bruner, 1983, pp 64-66 ) . A instructio n helper must be assured of the student s current degree of apprehension and so cognize how to scaffold new larning. They must besides cognize when to rehash support to enable the kid to construct on, win and be prudent for their personal advancement. Furthermore, with current folk sizes in the part of up to 30 students, a house instructor may be unable to offer such an oneness attack to turn toing the theories of the philosophers, and so it could be considered the function of the skilled instruction helper to make this.During my recent study of loth readers, carried out as a preliminary to the debut of an enterprise to advance reading, I discovered that the students had formulated an sentiment that reading was a vocation to be undertaken with animus and merely when instructed to make so. It became evident that these kids had encountered a assortment of barriers that had influenced their attitude and ability to read See Appendix A . legion(predicate) of these barriers are authoritative illustrations of Erikson s Industry versus Inferiority Crisis ( Slavin, 1994c, p56 ) , whereby outside influences constitute contributed towards a student organizing a negative ego image of themselves as readers. In order to get the better of this, the students needed the support of an change grownup as described by Chambers ( 1991 ) . This provided them with a function theoretical account, a positive attitude towards reading and an chance to mete out and discourse reading experiences. This inspired in them a new willingness and function of reading, the result of which became evident in their apprehension of written text. The kids besides began comprise with enthusiasm, utilizing their ain cognition and experiences as a consequence, they had taken control of their ain acquisition. The kids s responses to the inaugural See Appendix B , demonstrated that they tangle empowered by the fact that they were detecting new linguistic communication for themselve s ( Gross, 1992a ) and were straight responsible for the advancement that they were doing.These rules apply to all kids, although some kids with SEN require a higher degree of support traditionally provided by learning helpers ( Alborz et al, 2009 ) . This has antecedently been an country for argument with The Daily Telegraph ( 2009 ) printing an article claiming that research shows that, Students make less advancement in schoolrooms where schools employ more teaching helpers . The article states that learning helpers frequently support lower attaining students, prove in them being less supported by a qualified instructor and to them doing limited advancement, although it does non look to take into history the preparation of the instruction helpers. While reexamining the impact of work force remodeling, a study by OfSTED ( 2004 ) stated that when a instruction helper is appointed to work with conservatively chosen students and is provided with the appropriate preparation to mak e so efficaciously, the students make authorized advancement. This is every bit good as the obvious benefits of give the instructor with more clip to concentrate on other students.In a recent observation of a twelvemonth 5 class, it was obvious that the usage of a instruction helper to supply kids with linguistic communication troubles with individualized, single aid benefited the targeted students and the category as a whole. The support enabled the kids to entree the course of study in a mainstream schoolroom while leting the category instructor to concentrate on the bulk of the students. The instruction helper s treatment concern the re-enforcing of the whole category instruction, simplification of vocabulary and offering congratulations, boost and feedback on the undertaking. The support gave the students the assurance to take part in category treatments and enabled them to see new linguistic communication in context a critical facet of developing new constructs ( Gross, 1 992b ) . Following the lesson, the instruction helper besides provided the instructor with appraisal and monitoring feedback to enable appraisal of and for larning. This appraisal has become a important portion of the function of the instruction helper and supports the instructor and student by enabling distinction and personalised larning to go every twenty-four hours pattern ( Kay, 2005 ) .Guidance published by the NFER ( 2002, cited in Department for Education and Skills, 2005, p.22 ) found that when instructors and learning helpers work in partnership, the consequences are a more effectual degree of learning and larning. An illustration of this is a scenario I fork up experienced late where a skilled instruction helper supported the acquisition of the bulk of the category while the category instructor focused on the kids with SEN. As a consequence of the instructor and instruction helper holding spent clip working unneurotic to be after the lesson, the instruction helper was a ble to help students in their accomplishment of the acquisition aims.By implementing a combination of all of these attacks and with effectual preparation and counsel, learning helpers can supply priceless support for all kids within any lesson.Supporting behaviour direction and supplying an utility(a) degree of perceptual experience within the schoolroom are besides cardinal facets of being an effectual instruction helper. In day-to-day Literacy lessons, I have observed a instruction helper back uping a student with ADHD and have no uncertainty that without her presence, the category instructor would hold to pass a big proportion of the lesson settling the kid and turn toing low degree distractions. Personal experience has shown me that kids with emotional or behavioral troubles respond positively to the support of a instruction helper with whom they can hammer a good grownup / kid relationship. This can lend towards the societal and emotional well-being of the kid as outlined in a reappraisal by Alborz et Al. ( 2009 ) nevertheless he besides found that this type of intercession does hold the possible to make a barrier between the supported kids, their equals and instructors. The instruction helper s must, hence, have a good apprehension of the students demands in order to forestall this. as well as the chance to back up kids s larning during lesson clip, learning helpers continue to transport out administrative undertakings in order to back up the category instructor and the school as a whole. The content Agreement ( ATL et al. 2003, p.2 ) , employ as portion of the authoritiess workforce remodelling enterprise, states that instructors should non pass their clip transporting out administrative duties that do non do full usage of their accomplishments and expertness, but that these undertakings should be consummate by support staff. The defined undertakings include the readying of schoolroom resources and puting up of shows. These responsibilities must b esides, hence, be considered the duty of the instruction helper. Many of the administrative duties have an impact on the physical milieus, and hence contribute towards ( Primary National Strategy, 2004 ) making a positive ethos and the creative activity of a palmy acquisition environment. In pattern, nevertheless, the demand for learning helpers to be more involved in the bringing of lessons agencies that they have less clip for transporting out administrative responsibilities which relays these responsibilities back into the custodies of the instructors ( OfSTED, 2002b, p8 ) .In my experience, learning helpers offer unconditioned support for the school in which they are employed. Many carry out responsibilities beyond their on the job hours, supplying curriculum enrichment activities and on a regular stem being at the head of fund raising events. They often are able to supply a connexion between parents, local communities and their schools as they frequently live in close propinq uity to their workplace. This is a semiprecious portion of their function as it enables learning staff to be cognizant of local issues and provides a nexus between parents and schools ( Logan, E. & A Feiler, A. 2006 ) .In decision, a instruction helper s function is to offer individualized acquisition, pastoral attention and administrative aid. They encourage good acquisition by supplying priceless differentiated larning support to persons and groups of students. Skilled teaching helpers promote cheer and accomplishment in a safe, nurturing environment while lending to the donnish and emotional well-being of all kids. They set up positive relationships with parents and incite students to go successful members of the school and wider community.( 1639 words )

Miller comments Essay

During The Crucible the plays which unfold commensurate some characters to em violence themselves close to nonably Abigail Williams, bloody shame Warren and heretofore John monitor lizard. Some characters arrest with little or no causation, then ill-use the situations to gain supply, whereas others bug protrude with power and lose it, some prison terms justly and other times unjustly. This could be seen as a moral message for the audiences of the play, warning of power abuse which could lead to devastating consequences.In the introductory comments, Miller comments onwards the events demoralize to unfold how the children were anything but thankful for being permitted to walk straight which shows before the witchcraft trials and accusations had begun, children were powerless under the authority of the male dominated cabaret -children had no power to roam freely. One of the mess that gained power in the play is Mary Warren, who is a servant and so is one of the lowest ranks of the Puritan society- much like the children of Salem.At first she does non take up any power at on the whole as she is taught that she has to follow orders from the observes, who she working for. This is seen when she lept with fright upon follows entrance. Yet, she manages to turn from a mouse to a daughter of a prince as she suddenly gains power from working in the motor lodge, trying practicable witches. Her increasing power is also shown from her defiance of Proctor when she refuses his order of non going to court again, and responds that she essential and will be done for(p) e realday.It also shown finished stage directions, when Mary is terrified of Proctor but quickly becomes erect, which highlights her ability to overcome her fear of Proctor because of her growing confidence and power. Mary even manages to intimidate Proctor in this part of the play. When threatened with the whip from Proctor, she manages to threaten him further by responding I would have you verbalize civilly to me, from this out. Mary, filled with this newly found power, is able to threaten Procter to stop beating her or she will not speak so highly of his family next time.By using the phrase from this out shows that Mary doesnt usually expect that kind of treatment from the Proctor, to that degree now she is able to demand it because of the power gain. Again, further on in the play Mary is also able to numb Proctor when she overthrows his snatch on her to tell the truth about the accusations, and instead turns on him. When pressured by Abigail and the other girls, once they start accusing Mary to save themselves, she is not able to stand her ground which highlights her feebleness and weakness which was seen at the very start of the play.This is seen as she even admits she has no power. This links to her subordinate position in the society and even within her social group, she is not popular, and respected. This is shown when Abigail tells Mary to shut it an d Mercy Lewis starts pointing and looking at Mary as if she were to blame. However, the fact that Mary was able to then accuse Proctor of being devils man, who is a highly respected in the village, shows that she does have more power than she started with. But she is abusing her power, to save herself and because of her lack of power on her social circle.So, this once innocent girl who thought they must tell the truth took advantage of the situation so she and her friends would not be whipped. Overall, Mary arguably, has the virtually progressive power of all the girls and possibly all of the characters in The Crucible, but thats not to say she has the most power overall. Another character like Mary Warren who gains power finishedout the play is Abigail Williams. Once shunned and scorned by the inhabitants of the village because of her grim name, Abigail becomes a domineering power, and is treated like a revere.A mere accusation from Abigail or one of her girls is enough to jud ge even a well-respected inhabitant of Salem like Rebecca Nurse who does capital charities. Even though in present day we would associate apotheosis with good Samaritans, which would seem absurd to see Abigail called this in present day, she was seen in this way because in puritan society if you went against god, you went against the law. So Abigails act of bringing Salems attention to the presence of the devil, and then through the court eradicating it was seen as an act of greatness.Abigail starts off as a excite young girl which is seen through Millers stage directions, as she quavers when being questioned by Parris about Bettys mysterious illness. However, soon she is able to assert her power of the girls by smashing Betty round the face and threatening all the girls not to tell anyone about the events of the previous night, or she will come to them at the black of one terrible night. This implies they could be her prey, and if they make a wrong move she could pounce on them, which again puts her in a domineering position.This characteristic allows her to control within the group which creates more focus because Abigail also seems to be possessive which is seen when she says Now look you. All of you. The repeating of you makes the phrase quite aggressive and short commanding sentences have a strong impact, and make Abigail seem hostile but ultimately powerful. Her say-so is also documented as the inhabitants of Salem think the sea separate like Israel for Abigail, so her sins are overlooked, as people take her article to be an expression of Gods will. This allowed Abigail to control and manipulate even the most powerful men in Salem, which is seen when Abigail threatens that Danforth- a high court official. So, Abigail Williams, who was once powerless in general society, is a perfect fashion model of someone who became empowered by deciding the fate of other people and, by controlling and threatening people. Although, Abigail did have a powerful t erm among her social group from the jump and throughout which is shown when she starts pointing with fear and accusing Mary of hurting her, and quickly all the girls chime in with her.The third character who is subtly empowered is John Proctor. Despite his prideful ways, John Proctor describes himself as a sinner. His conversation with Elizabeth in act two where he exclaims for Elizabeth to judge him not demonstrated his internal conflict and his own unwillingness to forgive himself for his act of lechery. There are moments when his anger and disgust towards himself fall in forth, such as when he exclaims to Judge Danforth I hear the fringe of Lucifer, I see his filthy face And it is my face, and yours. So, although it is not clear from the outset that John Proctor has been empowered, he has.He is able for the first time to see some shred of goodness in himself- his relief from his continual guilt- when he decides to deny his confession. In conclusion, all three characters we re empowered through the play, which led to the unjust killing of numerous inhabitants of Salem through the dour allegations of witchcraft. So, Miller uses this to show the audience the consequence of abuse of power. Abigail is the best manikin because she falls from her position of high power, and resorts to boarding a ship, in order to escape.

You Suck: A Love Story Chapter 16~17

Chapter SixteenBeing the Chronicles of Abby NormalComp permitely Fucked handmaid of the Vampyre gushOMFG-WOOT I admit failed, leftfield my duty und wiz, wish so much dog poop on the gloaming sidewalk of the disaster that is my life. Even as I sit here at the Metreon Starbucks, committal to writing this, the froth slaves seem to move worry silver-eyed zombies and my nonfat, soy Amaretto Mochaccino has gone as bitter as snake bile. (Which is exchangeable the bitterest bile you can set up.) If in that location wasnt a tot entirelyy hot clapperclaw two tables past, acting worry he doesnt nonice me, I would weep tho squarely disunite make your mas railroad cara run, so Im staying chilly in my despair. Your loss, cute quat, for I cede been chosen. Suffer, bitchI had to leave Lord gormandise to his own devices persist night, but forwards I left, I confessed my undying love for him. I am a hopeless hose beast. All I had to do was say responsibility(a)-bye, but no, I meet barked it aside. Its standardised he has this spring all over me manage I seduce an eating disorder and hes a package of Oreo Double Stuff cookies. (I dont have an eating disorder, Im rightful(prenominal) skinny beca function I enjoy eating mass quantities and past yakking it ass up. Its not a body-image problem. I think my system has evermore cherished to live on a liquid diet, and until Im brought into my Dark Lords loving embrace, therefore its Starbucks for me.)I have been trying to call my Dark Lord and the Countess all day on their cells, but I kept getting example mail. Well, duh theyre vampires. They wont be answering the phone. Im such a tard roughly condemnations.So I went to the gray-headed noodle wee this morning, in fact plane before dawn. I should be, wish well, made a Bronte sister for coming up with a drool to get tabu of the house that archaean, but I wanted to call on the carpet to the master before his slumber. Thing was, the sca ry drunk guy and his big cat were gone, but so were my master and the Countess. eerything had been moved pull the statue of the turn over and the Countess.So I rolled step up, headed for the new loft I engageed, when I spotted two discovers sitting in a POS brown car. I knew they were vampyre hunters right away. It must be the masters dark powers rubbing tally on me. There was a big fat gay cop and a aggressively-faced Hispano-cop.So I was like, Could you guys look any more like cops?And they were like, excise a enormous, shortsighted lady.So I was forced to point out to them that they were not the boss of me and because I proceeded to humiliate them by verbally bitch-slapping them until they cried. What is it close to the crusties? Their minds fail so slowly that you have to, like, prompt them to stand up so you can slap them again until they faint like the inadequate wuss-bags that they are. I never want to be surly. And I wont be, because my Lord entrust bring me into the f ancient and I shall stalk the night for eternity, my beauty forever preserved as it is, except Id like a gnomish big boobs.Anyway, I wandered nigh on Market S pointt and up in Union Square to give the cops generous time to slink away to lick their wounds, then I returned to the masters street to check the new loft. This time there was this Asian guy sitting crossways the street in a Honda, looking all Manga- alter, but it was obvious that he was notice the loft limen. He didnt look like a cop, but he was definitely watching, so I stopped and pretended to watch the sculptors work who have the space under(a) the masters old loft. They are these two crusty biker guys, but they do some amazing shit. Theyd left the garage door open so I stepped in.They were rollting dead chickens on wires and dipping them in silver paint, then hanging them on sticks by the wires.So I was all, What the fuck, biker? What are you doing?And one of them was like, Its some the year o f the cock.And I was all), Dont be gross, you crustacious fuck. You cast that thing out and Ill pepper-spray you until you fry. (You have to be stern with weenie waggers Ive been subject to on the bus over s steadyteen times, so I know.)And he was like, No, its the year of the cock in the Chinese zodiac.Which I knew, of course.Were making statues, utter the bigger biker, who was named Frank. (The other ones name was Monk. He didnt talk much, which competency excuse the name.)So they showed me how they excessivelyk real dead roosters they bought in Chinatown, ran wires through and through them to pose them, then dipped them in a thin metallic paint, then draw them in this big tank and attached electric clips to them. They pass some current through the clips and the current attracts dye molecules or something to the metallic paint. Its like instant bronze rooster. I sentiment almost the statue of the Countess upstairs and got a little creeped out.So Im all, You ever do a per son?And they were like, No way, that would be wrong. Youd better go now, because were rear end and dont you have school and force?So walking out, I saw the Asian guy checking me out and I was like, Hey, its almost the year of the cock. Shouldnt you be out shopping for one?He looked truly nervous, but he kinda grinned. Then started his car and drove despatch, but he wants me, I can tell, so hell be back. I hope he wants me. He was so cute in that Final Fantasy Thirty-S raze way. What Im saying is, the Sex Fu is strong with this one.So there was no sign of my Dark Lord or the Countess at the new place. I wonder if they have crawled under the earth in some park and satisfied their perverse desires with each other among the worms and the tree roots. EwwOh well, almost dark. Id better go back to the loft and expect for them. addendum The lice shampoo didnt work on my sister. Looks like we might have to neutralize her head. Im passing game to try to talk her into getting a pentagr am tattooed on her scalp. I know a guy in the Haight who will do it for unaffectionate if you verbally abuse him season hes tattooing. More later.Sun passel. Jody awoke to pain and the expression of cooking meat. She rolled away from the source of the pain and went crashing through the acoustical ceiling tiles to land in a commercial fall out in force(p) of debaucheres and soapy water. A Mexican guy was backing across the dish dwell crossing himself and invoking saints in Spanish as Jody climbed out of the sink and brushed suds take out her jacket and jeans. When she touched the prior of her thighs she or so leapt back through the ceiling the pain was so sharp.Mother-fuck-that-hurts she said, hopping rough on one foot, because that will generally help all manner of pain, careless(predicate) of where its located on the body. Her boot heel clicking against the tiles sounded like a gimp flamenco dancer.The dishwasher turned and bolted out of the dish room into the bakery. The bakery. When the qui vive on her watch had threatened dawn she ran down the alley checking doors as she went, and the lone(prenominal) one she found unlocked led into the stockroom of a bakery. She needed a place to hide where shed be undisturbed go she slept, and although she considered hiding under a couple of the fifty-pound bags of flour, she had no way of versed if the bakers would be using them today. Shed already awakened in a morgue once before (when Tommy had frozen her), and finding a rotund necrophiliac morgue attendant rubbing his hands and other bits over her seminaked body small-arm she thawed had soured her to the whole morgue experience. No, she had to find someplace more secluded.One of the bakers had been coming into the stockroom, she could hear his voice and footfalls outside the door. She looked around for someplace to hide, then spotted the grimy acoustic ceiling tiles suspended above. She leapt onto the palette of flour, lifted a tile to see that t he ceiling was suspended a full four feet below the structural ceiling. Bless old buildings. She grabbed a water pipe, pulled herself through the ceiling, jackknifed her legs up and around the pipe, then apply her free hand to pull the ceiling tile back in place, all in less than two seconds.She listened as the man moved around below her, then scooped up one of the big bags of flour and left the room. That was a good call.She checked her watch. Less than a minute before shed go out. She spotted four pipes running together parallel to the floor. They were save most warm, which was why she could see them at all in the darkness, but each was two inches around and braced to the ceiling all(prenominal) few feet. Theyd watch her.She scrambled over to the pipes, squirmed out of her leather jacket, and put it across the pipes, then lay facedown on top of it. This way, even if one of her legs slipped get through, it wouldnt pull her off the pipes. She was trying to wedge the toes of h er boots into the gap between the pipes when she went out.The problem was that the pipes werent used that early in the morning. As the building awoke, hot water began coursing through them, and Jody had been subjected to the heat all day. Her jacket had protected her face and torso, but her thighs had been slow-cooked indoors her jeans.She gritted her teeth and bolted through the dish room door into the back room of the bakery. So now its deserted. Of course, bakers work in the middle of the night and the early morning. At sundown the dishwasher would be the all guy static in the building.She found her way to the stockroom, then out into the alley. She could see the entries to both(prenominal) of their lofts from the end of the alley, and fortunately, no one appeared to be watching from the street. There were lights on in the new loft and she made her way to the door, her legs hot with every step.She listened at the door did what she thought of as reaching out. If she focused she could almost hear shapes, depending on the ambient noise. There was someone in the loft she could hear the heartbeat, industrial music playing in headphones, the shuffling of a body a light body dancing. It was the cod, Abby Normal. Where in the hell was Tommy? He couldnt be far from the loft the sun had gone down unless five minutes ago.Jody pounded on the door, but the shuffling sounds upstairs didnt sort rhythm, and she pounded again, this time leaving a dent in the metal door. Fuck, the kid has the headphones cranked and cant hear a thing.Jody shivered, although not because of the cold, but because the hunger was rising in her. Her body telling her she needed to feed so she could heal.Shed only do it once before, and wasnt sure she could pull it off again, but she needed to get into the loft and leave a lockable door intact. She concentrated as the old vampire had taught her, and gradually, she felt herself fading sack to mist.Monet was no longer spruced up as the statue guy, no longer in timbre not that character, anyway. flat he was the masta-blasta, gansta-rappa, full-ninja-badass and a bag of mothafuckin chips, bi-yatch bent on revenge and whatnot. Hed stipulation up midafternoon on making any money and had gone kinsfolk to remove his makeup and lick his wounds. Hed taken a vicious ass-whuppin today, even if it was only to his ego. simply now he was rolling with his homies, P.J. and Fly, they would put that bronze muthafucka down if he was nonoperational around. If he didnt run away like a little bitch.You strapped? Fly said, ad seriousing his do-rag as he drove his ten-year-old Honda polite with rims worth more than the rest of the car.Huh? Monet inquired.Do you have a weapon? Fly said, enunciating all Royal Shakespeare Company precise.Oh, yeah. Monet pulled the Glock out of his waistband and showed it to Fly.Nigga, put that shit down, said P.J., who was in the backseat, wearing a Phat Pharm tracksuit that was four sizes too b ig for him.Sorry, Monet said, tucking the gun back into the waistband of his jeans. Hed borrowed the Glock rented it, really from a real gangsta in Hunters Point, who needed it back in two hours or hed tutelage another twenty-five bucks. Before he gave Monet the gun, he made him damn that no one would be wearing gang colors, so zilch Monet did could come back on him. Monet had made the assurance, then, after P.J. did a Google try for gang colors, they settled on orange do-rags, since no gang seemed to call for that one.Highway Safety Posse, yo, Monet had said.Yo, Stone Tangerine Thugs, yo, suggested Fly.Yo, yo, yo, check it out, said P.J., with enough hand gestures that any deaf person watching would have thought he had ASL Tourettes syndrome. Cheesy Goldfish Crew.Yo, dog, thats so stupid its not stupid, Monet said.Is that good? asked Fly.Yo, dog, get in character. Fly was a bad actor. They were all in the same acting class.He should have fair(a) hired real gangsters to do t his. P.J. was probably outlet to trip over the legs of his track puff and completely ruin their intimidation.This is it, Fly said, pulling off the street, right up onto the sidewalk of the Embarcadero by the Ferry Building. That him?Thats him, Monet said. There was no one around but the occasional passing car, but the new statue guy still stood there.Remember, Fly said. Walk. Dont run up. Just walk, like you got all the time in the world. Use your sense memories.Right, right, right, Monet said. He and P.J. got out of the car and quickstepped across the bricks to where the statue guy was running his game. Damn, he was good, didnt even flinch.As he reached the statue guy, Monet raised the Glock and the bbl connected with the statues forehead. Bi-yatch There was a dull clank.Whoa, P.J. said. Nigga really is a statue.Monet tapped the statue, three dull clanks. Yep. tho he got all that money in his shoes, P.J. said.Well, take it, stupid, Monet said.Yo, step off, Monet. Im not the one that got upstaged by a statue. conclude up, Monet said.P.J. was grabbing handfuls of bills out of the Big Gulp cups at the statues feet and shoving them into his pockets. Must be a G here, G.Yo, Monet said. Help me get the statue into the car.P.J. stood and got one shoulder under the statue and essay to lift it, while Monet tucked the gun in his pants and got under the other. They dragged the statue only a couple of feet before they had to set it down and sire their breath.Motherfucker heavy, P.J. said.Would you guys come on Fly screamed from the car, totally out of character now.Fuck this, Monet said. This whole thing was just too embarrassing. Hed paid rent on the gun, hadnt he? He drew the Glock from his waistband and squeezed one off at the statue.Shit, P.J. said, ducking. Are you crazy?Bi-atch need to learn a Monets description was choked off.P.J. stood up and looked back. There was smoke streaming out of the green goddess hole in the statue, and in the second he watched, it had formed into a hand and grabbed Monet by the throat. P.J. turned to run, but something caught the hood of his tracksuit and yanked him back off his feet. He could hear Monet gagging and choking. Then he felt a sharp pain in the side of his neck and he felt all of a sudden light-headed.The last thing he saw was Fly peeling away in the Honda.Chapter SeventeenBeing the Chronicles of Abby NormalNewly Baptized Minion of the darkBow before me, skeezy mortals, for now I see you for the pathetic little rodents that you are. Scurry before my dazzling darkness, daysters, for I am your mistress, your queen, your goddess I have been brought into the fold I am Abigail Von Normal, NOSFERATU, bitchesSort of.OMG. It was so fucking cool like coming twice with Skittles and a Coke. I was in the loft, spacing into my jams on my MP3 player. I had downloaded the latest Dead Can name CD (Death Boots Badonka Mix) at the Starbucks and it was totally transcendent. I was transported to an ancient Romanian castle, where everyone had make X and was dancing totally chill and sensuous (with perfect hair). I was grinding a free-form booty dance on the armchair perfecting my dance gestalt when I saw some smoke coming in under the door.(I cant wait to dance with Jared to this new CD. Hes so breathing out to love this move I do. Thats what I love about dancing with gay guys. If they get wood during a booty dance, you can just take it as a compliment, not an agenda. Jared said that if I was a guy, he would totally muck up my dick. He can be so sweet.)So I pulled out one of my headphones and I was like, Whoa, fire in the staircase sucks to be me. Theres only one exit, so, you know, coloredened Abby coming up.But the smoke formed into a pillar, and then it started growing arms and legs. When I saw it had eyes I ran into the bedroom and shut the door. I wasnt trippin or anything, just totally calm. But it wasnt like when your friends hold your hair while you puke and tell you i ts just the drugs and youll be okay so I went for the safe thing of lockup the door so I could assess the situation. Then the door just splodes into splinters and theres the Countess, totally naked, standing in the doorway with the knob in her hand. And she was totally hot, except that her legs were all fucked up, like they were burned or decayed or something.So Im all, You totally wrecked your deposit.And the Countess like grabs my hair and pulls me to her and bites my neck, just like that. It didnt really hurt it was more surprising like you woke up from getting a root canal to find your dentist going down on you. Well, not exactly like that more mystical. But still, surprising. (Okay, it hurt, but not as much as the time Lily try to pierce our nipples with a compass from geometry class and an ice cube. Youch)She olfactioned like burning meat, and I tried to push her away, but it was like my limbs were paralyzed or there was a fat guy sitting on me like I was buried alive or something, just watching it find out. And then I started to get lightheaded and I thought I was going to pass out. Thats when the ho dropped me.She goes, Go downstairs and get my clothes off the sidewalk. And make coffee.And Im like, Wait a minute, I just lost my fatality rate virginity, shouldnt I get a cigarette and a fucking pass over or something? But I just said, Okay, because where the Countess was all burned was meliorate while I watched, and it was kind of freaking me out to be looking at her naked, burned-up thighs and her totally red pubes anyway. So I went downstairs and just outside the door there was a homeless guy mining through a pile of clothes. Well, really, he was sniffing her panties. And because I dont feel we always do enough to help the homeless, I was like, Take them, and tell no one what you witnessed here tonight.(I was already feeling the superiority of my Nosferatitude, so it only seemed appropriate that I go all noblesse oblige on his ass.) So of f he went to sniff the lacy crotch of the undead while I went back upstairs to find coffee filters.So when I get up there the Countess is dressed and hair brushed and shes all, Where is Tommy? bedevil you seen Tommy? Did you talk to those cops? And wheres Tommy?And I was all, Countess, begging your pardon and shit, but you need to chill. The vampyre Flood was gone when I got here this morning, and so was that bronze statue from the other side. I thought you guys went off to sleep in the damp womb of your indigenous soil or something.Yuck goes the Countess. Then she tightens down all of sudden. Make me a cup of coffee, two sugars, and squeeze one of those vials of seam into it and call us a cab.And I was like, Hey, step off, Countess. Im one of you and you are not the boss of me and And she said, I said for us, didnt I?So I did her bidding well, our bidding, really and we took a cab over to the Marina Safeway, but why we didnt transform into barmy and fly is beyond me. Anyway , we were there in ten minutes. But as we start to pull in, the Countess tells the driver to keep going.She was all, Its Rivera and Cavuto. This is not good.The POS brown cop car was parked in front of the store. I was all, Cops? Their shit is weak.She seemed affect that I knew the cops, but I told her how I had owned them like the little wussy-boys that they are and I could tell that the Countess was feeling pretty good about bringing me into the dark fold of the coven.Then she was all, Fucking Clint hes telling them about Tommy.But I couldnt even see what she was looking at beyond the big glass front of the Safeway. I stab my powers will vex as time goes on. Five hundred years is a long time to get your vampyre kung fu down.The Countess had the driver drop us at gather Mason, so we could still see the front of the Safeway, and we stood in the fog like the creatures of the night that we were while we waited for the cops to leave.Then the Countess put her arm around my shoulder s and she was all, Abby, Im unconsolable I, uh, attacked you like that. I was hurt really badly and to heal I needed fresh blood. I wasnt really in control of myself. It wont happen again.No worries, I told her. Im honored to be promoted. Besides, it was kind of hot. Which it was, you know, except for the smell of burning flesh and stuff.And she was all, Well, thanks for looking out for us.And I was all, Pardon, Countess, but why are we at the Safeway? Because its not like we needed groceries.And she was all, These guys used to work with Tommy, and one of them knows that he is, uh, one of the children of the night. I think they might know something about where he is now.Then, over at the Safeway, we saw this goofy-looking guy with frizzy hair and glasses unlock the front door and let the cops out. They got in their car and the frizzy guy locked the front door behind them.Showtime, said the Countess. She zipped up her leather jacket, took a pair of sunglasses out of her jacket pocke t, and put them on. She goes, Stay back, Abby. Ill be right back. Then she started across the parking lot toward the Safeway, taking big strides and looking all nonesuch of vengeance, with her red hair flying out behind her, and the lights shining down on her through the fog.I was like, Oh shitShe didnt even slow down. When she got about ten feet from the front window she snatched up one of the steel-reinforced trash cans like it was made of cardboard and flung it through the window. And she just kept walking piddling cubes of galosh glass rained down on her and she just walked through the front of the store like she owned it and everyone in it which she did.Before I even got in the store, she was coming back around the corner, dragging the frizzy-haired guy by the throat. She threw him up against a rack of wine nursing bottles, which shattered, spilling red all over the floor and splattering the registers and stuff.I was all, Oh, dog, Countess gonna crack open a twoscore of w hup-ass on you now. Oh, you in the shit now, wigga (I am not inclined to use hip-hop vernacular often, but there are times when, like French, it just better expresses the sentiment of the moment.)Just then the whole ring of guys Id seen in the limo came running around the corner. The Countess snatched a wine bottle off the rack, and without a second of hesitation, she threw it and it hit the first guy, a tall, hippie-looking guy, right in the middle of the forehead and he went down like he was shot.She goes, Back and they all headed back around the corner the way they came, except the hippie-looking guy, who was out cold.Then the Countess picked up the guy with glasses by the throat. And even though he was like a foot taller than her, she whipped him around like a rag doll until he was screaming stuff about Satan and Jesus and telling her to get behind him and shit. And the Countess was all, Where is Tommy?And he was all, I dont know. I dont know.And the Countess grabbed him by the hair and held his head steady against the wine rack. strong chilly, she says, Clint, Im going to take your right eye now. Then if you dont tell me where Tommy is, Im going to take your left. Ready. On three. One TwoThen hes all, I didnt have anything to do with it. Shes the spawn of Satan, I told them that.Three goes the Countess.Hes in Lashs apartment on Northpoint. I dont know the number.And the Countess just yells Number? out to the whole store.And the black guy pops up from behind a display of Cheerios and is all, Six cardinal Northpoint, Apartment 301. And one of the other guys pulls him back down.Then the Countess is all, Thank you. If hes hurt, Ill be back. And she throws the Clint guy through a rack of Doritos, which exploded their nacho cheesy trade good all over the place.Then shes all, Well, thats a nice surprise.And Im all, That Lord Flood is in an apartment on Northpoint?I didnt think they would really know. I just didnt know where else to start.Probably your senses attuned to Lord Floods presence over the eons, I said, like a total tard.And shes all, Lets go, Abby.And I dont know why, I guess because I had like low blood sugar or something from blood loss, but I was like, Can I get some mussitate?And she was all, Sure. Grab some coffee, too. Whole beans. Were almost out.So I did. And when I caught up with her, she was halfway across the parking lot, headed back toward Ghirardelli Square, and little pieces of safety glass were still shining in her hair and she smiled at me when I caught up and I just couldnt help myself, because that was the coolest thing Id ever seen. Ever And I was all, Countess, I love you.And she put her arm around me and kissed me on the forehead and goes, Lets get Tommy.I guess Ill start feeling my vampyre powers tomorrow night, but right now I feel like a total fucking loser. But I am so going to rule when school starts again.

Modelling the Inflation Process in Nigeria

MODELLING THE INFLATION PROCESS IN NIGERIA 2. Nigerias fanfare experience Nigeria has experienced all manner of ostentationary episodes from creeping to defy and from high to galloping (see Table 1 and Figure 1). mediocre pompousness during the outcome 19601972 was relatively low, the historical average estimate being 5. 01%. When assessed on an y primaeval basis, however, rising prices became a cause for concern for the then military authorities when in 1969 the inflation rate hit double digits at 10. 36%.Governments concern seems to have been justified by the position that Nigeria was experiencing double-digit inflation for the first time, in the face of a raging civilian fight whose end was non then in sight. In reaction, brass imposed a general wage freeze for a menses of one year. Apparently aware of possible opposition by bear on unions, price control measures were introduced with the formalised promulgation of the Price Control Decree, early in 1970 (see Fasho yin, 1984, for comprehensive discussion of anti-inflation measures taken during this period).Inflationary pressures go along unabated, however, take down with price controls. Table 1 Inflation episodes in Nigeria Period Average 19601972 5. 01 19731985 17. 96 19861995 31. 30 19862002 13. 34 Source Computed by the authors Pressures for salary increases conduct to the setting up of the Wages and Salaries Review Commission. The Commission eventually give salary increases to all categories of public service employees, and similar adjustments were later make in the private sector.These awards, which came at a time when the dislocation of house servant production and foodstuffing as a vector sum of the civil war had not been fully repaired, generated a measure of excess demand in the economy. This is likely to have been responsible for the rise in the rate of inflation by 16. 0% in 1971. Governments immediate rejoinder was to lift substance restrictions on several categories of goo ds. Excise duties on a number of goods were also reduced. A credit form _or_ system of government that favoured the production of forage was also put in place.These efforts, coupled with the establishment of the Nigerian field of study Supply Company (NNSC), were credited with yielding the relatively low rate of inflation of 3. 2% recorded in 1972. The period 19731985 was one of great inflationary pressures than the period 19601972, with an average inflation rate in those age of 17. 96%. The effects of the 3 RP 182_Olubusoye_maintext. pmd 21/10/2008, 1429 3 6 RESEARCH PAPER 182 Exchange rate regimes and inflation in NigeriaInflation and mass meeting rates have been identified as two of the key barometers of economic performance (Rutasitara, 2004). Exchange rate arrangements in Nigeria have undergone significant changes over the past four decades, shifting from a fixed regime in the 1960s to a pegged arrangement betwixt the 1970s and the mid(prenominal) 1980s, and finally to v arious types of floating regime select in 1986 with the SAP. A regime of managed float, without any strong commitment to reason any particular parity, has been the predominant characteristic of the floating regime in Nigeria since 1986.Exchange rate policy emerged as one of the controversial policy instruments in developing countries in the 1980s, with vehement opposition to devaluation for fear of its inflationary jounce, among other effects. Nigeria faced such a situation and there has since been touch on in the performance of inflation and the role of the exchange rate in the process. The peculiarity of the Nigerian foreign exchange grocery needs to be highlighted. The countrys foreign exchange earnings are more than than 90% dependent on crude oil export receipts.The result is that the volatility of the world oil market prices has a direct impact on the supply of foreign exchange. Moreover, the oil sector contributes more than 80% of government revenue. Thus, when the worl d oil price is high, the revenue shared by the three tiers of government rises correspondingly, and as has been observed since the early 1970s, elicits comparable using up increases, which are then difficult to bring down when oil prices pick and revenues fall. Indeed, such unsustainable expenditure levels have been at the root of high overnment shortage spending. It became a matter of serious concern that despite the huge standard of foreign exchange, which the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) supplied to the foreign exchange market, the impact was not reflected in the performance of the real sector of the economy. Arising from Nigerias high import propensity of finished consumer goods, the foreign exchange earnings from oil continued to generate output and employment growth in other countries from which Nigerias imports originated.This development necessitated a change in policy on 22 July 2002, when the demand pressure in the foreign exchange market intensify and the depletion in external reserves level persisted. The CBN thus reintroduced the Dutch sell system (DAS) to replace the inter-bank foreign exchange market (IFEM). Since then, the DAS has been for the most part successful in achieving the objectives of the monetary authorities. Generally, it assisted in narrowing the arbitrage premium from double digits to a single digit, until the emergence of irrational market exuberance in the fourth quarter of 2003.Figure 2 charts the detail of the movements in inflation and the parallel market premium over the official exchange rate. As can be seen in the figure, movements of the parallel exchange rate premium and inflation rate were very close, especially during the mid 1970 and early 1990s. Indeed, this was the period of widest divergence between the official and parallel market exchange rates. As can be seen from the graph, the peaks and troughs almost always go together, thus confirming that the parallel market exchange rate was importantly correlated with the inflation rate. RP 182_Olubusoye_maintext. pmd 21/10/2008, 1429 6

Public bank management Essay

1.IntroductionsThe model of the Five Competitive Forces was developed by Michael E. Porter that becomes an important tool for analysing an organizations industry structure instrategic processes. This model is relevant to the banking industry. human beings Bank do compete with the early(a) monetary origin in Malaysia, however they also must cooperate with one some separate in m any respects. at that place is an on a lower floorlying problem which is the banks in Malaysia argon so similar that there is essentially nonhing one of them fag do that the others postnot easily duplicate2. Five Forces Analysisa. Threats of new entrantsMalaysia has not put a barrier to entry for any financial excogitation manly banks in Malaysia, indeed fashioning it easy for any financial mental home to penetrate into the industry.b. Bargaining power of suppliers a bank has threesome suppliers of its product, money1. Its depositors has no bargaining power whatever in reality. If they wanton time deposits the bank will set the price or chase rate it will pay. 2. The credit market the credit market as a source of tack on of the raw material, money, is open to all at all time if they ar qualified participants. The source of supply can be argued to be infinite. 3. The central bank The Central bank is in effect the resource of last resort. Apparently, at least for the moment, it will continue to supply liquidity to the banking system in virtually unlimited quantities at rattling reasonable cost.c. Bargaining power of buyersIn the banking industry, customer have has actually limited bargaining power. However the customers may option in ever-changing to other banks that they think is offering a better offer than man Bank.c. Threat of substitute productFor the most part there is no real threat of substitute products in the banking industry. However there credibly will be continues evolution ofproducts from paper to electronic in attack years. This is an area of potentia l contender for whomever banks that choose to use it in their service.d. opposition among competitorsGenerally all banks offer somewhat the same products and run to their customers, thus there is not much differentiation between everyday Banks and the other competitors. This is making the argument much higher. globe Bank is actually graded as the top banks earners in Malaysia in 2009 alongside with Maybank, Bumiputra Commerce, RHB Capital and Hong Leong Bank.3. hedge 1 Method apply to identify opportunity and threat for Public Bank using external environment factors and industrial environment factors.(Factors under industry environment are derived from Porters Five Forces).4. Opportunities1. Economic growth Malaysia had by all odds have been more economically stable and improving, thus financial institution such as Public Bank are needed to guardianship the overall development of the country. 2. Government policy Encouraging borrowings, loans, investment and function dem and. 3. Awards and accolades Through recognition, Public Bank can project a despotic image to their customers 4. Market serving Public Bank has the highest market share for the private sector unit trust business, thus having a bigger customer base.5.Low thrusting cost Nowadays it is easy for any customer to switch to other banks with just a click away, making the transmutation cost to be faster and cheaper, making it easy for the customers to switch to Public Bank.5. Threats1. Substitute product/service are availableThere is a potential competition to whomever banks that choose to upgrade their product and services to cater to their customers need. Maybank for example provide a customer friendly porthole through their website www.maybank2u.com, and it became the most visited website in Malaysia. 2.Substitute performanceMaybank, Bumiputra Commerce, RHB Capital and Hong Leong Bank are Public Bank competitors and each is recognized for their performance. This will make the competi tion even higher.3. Customer switching costOther than being an opportunity, switching cost can also be a threat for Public Bank as the customers can also easily switch to other financial institution.4. Government legal& barriersThere are no barriers that the judicature put for any legal financial institution to enter in the industry, making any new entrants penetrate into the market share easily.5. leaving barriersHigh exit barriers in the industry are making the competition between Public Bank and the other competitors are even higher.6. cultivationPorter Five Forces Model are used to identify how the forces make believe the attractiveness and profitability of Public Bank, and through this forces, the factors that influence these forces are used in the table 1, to identify Public Bank opportunities and threats. By identifying Public Banks industry environment, the company can improve and sustain their product and services for their customer, ultimately improving their performan ce.

A Critical Analysis of the Arthurian Tale Sir Gawain and The Green Knight in the context of Literary Theory

This fabrication is in the customs of Arthurian stories about the Legendary King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. This is a rhyming poem belonging to the romantic genre of Arthurian legends.The author is anon. and is simply referred to as the Gawain poet or the Pearl poet and is dated Ca. 1340-1400 from West Midlands in England, Sir Gawain and the kelvin Knight tells a tale of how Sir Gawain, a member of the esteemed Knights of the Round Table in King Arthurs court at Camelot, accepted a challenge from a mysterious stranger, referred to as the Green Knight, who suddenly barges in on a merry feast in King Arthurs Court.The story contains points, both in a libber and in a Marxist reading, that exhibit both positive and forbid symbolisms, thus, inevitably furthering the contention that this is also very Deconstructivist which is another literary scheme and reading of the story. Certain symbolisms, themes and tones in the story show this is so, by world capable of havi ng both pro and anti- Feminist and Marxist elements, which would be discussed in a more detailed manner in the following pages.FEMINISIT interpretationWomen are systematically degraded by receiving the trivial attentions which men sound off it manly to pay to the sex, when, in fact, men are insultingly sustenance their own superiority. (Wollstonecraft, 1759)Much can be gleaned when giving this piece a womens liberationist reading. To start with, this belonging to the classic gothic Age Romance and it creation one of the Arthurian Legend makes it a very easy intention for being tagged as anti Feminist.The very concept of the Medieval Age, and the mere mention of Arthurian Legends is in itself enough subject of anti Feminist repartees. The very fact alone that this era is characterized by olden dominance and machismo is a strong enough qualification to chase this outright as an anti Feminist story, without even going to the compend of the story. The around obvious of all is the general tone and obvious patriarchal system of the story.There is a King who is high and mighty, and he rules over his subjects. The most loyal, admired and feared heroes are the Knights of the Round Table, whom, are all men. The Queen Guinevere is draw as if she was a wall flower in all these merry bold display of masculine superiority, and is even deemed to be quiet, and not to range anything. In some translations of the story she is even said to sit beside Gawain, and not beside his supposed husband.The mention in the text that she presides over the festivities is merely titular, if at all, a token too trifle. With such a patriarchal system, it follows that the story also shows phallocentrism. If Camelot, the supposed Utopia is all patriarchal, what more could be expected of in the real world?When Sir Gawain left on his quest to fulfill his bless to the Green Knight, he came upon a castle, where the lord of the castle, Bertilak of Hautdesert told him to give to him whatev er he gets in exchange for the game he hunted. While the lord is away, the gentlewoman of the castle is left idling away on the castle, and falls to seducing the visitor. This brings to sound judgment another archetypal typecasting or stereotyping of women the Sinner/Saint stereotypes.In this story, Guinevere is the pure initiative the saintly woman of virtue, while the wench Bertilak is typecast as the evildoer/slut/whore impure woman. There is an imposition of impossible virtues to the women as patently due to a macho image and in melody to how a man should be chivalrous and upright.The seduction of the Lady Bertilak as opposed to the chastity of Queen Guinevere is clearly a male obligate virtue and rule of morals to how women should act. They should silently preside over ceremonies, as Guinevere does, or should patiently wait for his husband to come home, as the Lady Bertilak should have done.

Militant Nonviolence Essay

Erik Erikson, the world-ren takeed author of the handwriting Gandhis truth has also been public because of his stages of psychosocial development (Niolon, 2007) .The said stages argon enumerated in this manner Infancy (Birth 18 months) wherein the main psychosocial crisis is trust vs. mistrust, tot (1 1/2 3 years) which usually involves autonomy vs. shame & doubt, piece of cake Age (3-6 years), usually involving the psychosocial crisis of initiative vs. guilt, school age (7-12 years), which often related to to industry vs. inferiority, adolescence (12-19 years), identity vs. portion confusion, young adulthood (20-34 years old), companionship vs. isolation, adulthood (35-60 years), generativity vs. stagnation, and finally, late adulthood (60 years and above that is usually associated with the psychosocial crisis rectitude vs. despair (Niolon, 2007) .This paper shall look into the sustain authored by the aforesaid(prenominal) soulfulness, empower Gandhis truth, a book that has been said to be the acclaimed study of Mahatma Gandhi, pickings the psychoanalytic theory developed by its author into consideration.This non-fictional literary plump shall be analyzed ground on the theory developed by the same psychoanalyst to lay outher with the discussions obtained from the book Development and Aging by Papalia, Sterns, Feldman and Camp, including topics such as wellness and aging, intelligence and its measurements, creativity, mature thought, wisdom and honorable intelligences education, work and leisure, etc. It has been a known fact that populace shell their decline when they reach a indisputable age. It is often heard from dissimilar citizenry that this kind of decline happens as near people are not as productive as they were once was in their childishness or early adulthood.This is also most prevalent in most senior citizens (Godrej, 2002). Apparently, for most studies, development stops at a certain stage . On the contrary, Eriksons theory d isproves the fact that development stops. In fact, it continues throughout the intentspan cycle. check to the psychoanalyst and author of the very popular book, older people are not finished developing. Older people are said to come up to terms with their own morality, devising them look deeper into their while lives.More often than not, they look back to the comfortably times with gladness, at their hard times with self respect, and finally, look at their mistakes and regrets with forgiveness (Lasch, 1969) . It is doing so that they rediscover integrity as they get ready for whatever challenges that animation and death could bring upon them. On the another(prenominal)wise hand, those who remain isolated to the hurts and sadness that their support brought to them, shall be dissatisfied with the life that they have led and would easily get depressed. These are the concepts being expound by Erik Erikson in his stages of psychosocial development.He has reflected these said co ncepts onto the life of Mohandas Gandhi, more popularly known as Mahatma or the abundant somebody, the father of the Indian Nation. virtually everyone on the face of this planet has heard about the contributions of one of the humans who has been said to lead a enormous life to the history of India and the totally world (Anderson, n. d. ). He was generally known, as mentioned, as the father of the Indian nation who continuously fought for the independence of his nation from the British colonizers, despite the consequences he faced, despite his old age.Eriksons Gandhis truth is generally a psychological reconstruction of Gandhis early years in Kathiawar on the Arabian Sea as well as his exile in London and South Africa. In the same manner, it provided an in depth compend of the 1918 textile workers strike in Ahmedabad where Gandhi was first seen to practice his doctrine of Satyagraha or non violence (Lasch, 1969) . Erikson looked into the other aspects of this great mans life tha t influenced his toleration of Satyagraha.The said author looked into the precocious and relentless conscience of the great soul by looking onto these said events which included the way Gandhi nursed his father, the courtly servant whose career and health declined during his sons youth, which helped him, set the signifier for a leadership that could defeat a superior opponent nonviolently (Lasch, 1969). Gandhis unsuccessful and premature marriages effect on his adoption of Satyagraha was also examined. Generally, this unsuccessful marriage of his left him in iniquity of his sexuality (Anderson, n.d. ). At the same time, it encour sr. him to develop the religious and sacred aspect of his life that played a very important role in his difference of opinion for the independence of his beloved country (Lasch, 1969). Of course, this has been the reason why Mahatma Gandhi started his quest for sainthood which had taken a political form. Gandhis leadership in the said textile strike has also been reexamined. It is where Erikson focused his study on the life of the great soul, in relation to that of his developed theory (Anderson, n. d. ).According to the said author, this has been one of the most unusual exercises in nonviolence though it led to the victory of Mahatma and the textile workers. This does not only reflect Mahatma Gandhis doctrine of nonviolence but his faithfulness to dharma (Lasch, 1969) . Aside from the religious life led by Mohandas K. Gandhi, more popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, his spacial intelligence and creativity should be reconsidered. These two has contributed so much to his doctrine as he was able to devise ways, using his intelligence as a wise man in devising ways to battle their colonizers (Lasch, 1969).Generally, his spatial intelligence allowed Gandhi a better and quicker ways of correcting mistakes than other forms of political action. Gandhis doctrine aims to cure men of their righteous and fanatic moralism that has been sa id to be the cause of violence that are quite mistaken (Anderson, n. d. ). It is obviously seen that Gandhis actions as an aged man has not declined repayable to the challenges he experienced during his childhood and young adulthood (Chawla, 2001).In the same manner, his doctrine of non-violence or Satyagraha has not only been affected by his deteriorating health but of his beliefs, religiousness and faithfulness to dharma that has contributed so much in his mesh for the freedom of his motherland, India, the land which had been infamously known for its division brought about by differences in religion (Anderson, n. d. ). Basically, the analysis of this book, together with the psychoanalytical theory developed by Erik Erikson, has provided the psychological foundations of what has been known all over the world as great leadership and non-violence.It showed how Gandhis previous experiences affected his life as an aged man. As Erikson suggest, the spirit that Gandhi had ever since h is childhood has influenced standardization (Anderson, n. d. ). Every various(prenominal) is then encouraged to follow his own path, a path that is based on his insights with regard to the realities of the world that he is living in as well as the realities by which he or she knows his or her own self. If this perceptions turn out to be true, then the path he has taken shall be the path of truth. This is what the life of Gandhi, based on Eriksons book showed us.His perceptions that have been developed and continuously developing throughout his own life has influenced the development of a doctrine and philosophy that has gained him the title of a great soul (Chawla, 2001) . It is through this that he was able to influence not respectable his countrymen but the whole world as well. Eventually, looking into the brighter side of life can do so much good to a person who is in the last stage of his psychosocial development. In Gandhis case, he did not allow his weaknesses to serve as ba rriers in his fight, instead, he utilized them in such a way that his opponents looked onto it as his strengths (Anderson, n.d. ).ReferencesAnderson, H. (1971. ) Gandhis Truth On the Origins of Militant nonviolent resistance. Theology Today. Vol 28. No. 2 Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http//theologytoday. ptsem. edu/jul1971/v28-2-bookreview10. htm Chawla, A. (2001). MOVING beyond GANDHIS TRUTH. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http//www. samarthbharat. com/truth. htm ERIKSONS THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (2007). Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http//www. fractaldomains. com/devpsych/erikson. htm Erikson, E. (1969). Gandhis Truth. Journal of Religion and Health.Volume 9, Number 3. Godrej. F. (2002). Gandhis Truth Nonviolence as Epistemological Arbiter. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from Lasch, C. (1969). One Mans indicate for Sainthood and the Revolutionary Philosophy to Which It Led. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http// www. nytimes. com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson -gandhi. html Niolon, R. (2007) Erickons Psychosocial Stages of Development. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http//www. psychpage. com/learning/library/person/erikson. html

Love after all Essay

In William Shakespe atomic number 18s critical point, Ophelia, the daughter of the Kings councilor is non allowed to sleep with prince crossroads. Princes be non free to marry ladies of the judgeship and both Ophelias brother and military chaplain would not allow her to love him. She adhereed her fathers instruction and did not pursue a kind with small town. Ophelia must not love small town, and she parades no obvious lovingness toward him, thus she does not love him. Contrary to these facts, when the text is analyzed, thither ar strands of try step to the fore that suggest that she does love Hamlet and is tortures by her inability to express these feelings.In Act 1 Scene 3, Laertes advises his sister on the subject of Hamlet to Think it no more. Hamlet bottomlandnot love Ophelia because, as Laertes knows His grandness weighd, his will is not his own For he himself is subject to his assume / He may not, as unvalued persons do, Carve for himself for on his pickax depends The safety and health of this whole state. Hamlet cannot be complicated with Ophelia due to his position. On a more personal level of advice, Laertes had well-advised Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister, And keep you in the rear of your affection. Her father also advised her to stay away from him.He instructed Do not believe his vows for they are brokers, Not of that dye which their investments show. I would not, in plain terms, from this while forth, Have you so slander any min leisure, As to move over words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Having been instructed all her life to obey her father, Ophelia will follow his advice for the rest of her life, ignoring Hamlets love and returning his letters. She was very passive, and just follower her fathers commands. It would discernm at this point as if Ophelia is ready to give up any chance for love with Hamlet.Earlier in the acquire it had been unclear if there had been a relationship between them. When the King and Polonius are eavesdropping on Hamlet and Ophelia, she had some remembrances of his that she had wanted to give him back. The remembrances would mean that there was a past between them in which they had exchanged tokens. In his supposed insane state, Hamlet denied ever giving her the tokens. Had they been unimportant to her, she would not digest reacted as she did. She tells him that he knows he sent them And, with them, words of so loving breath composed As made the things more rich. It would appear as if she truly wants him to remember the tokens of the times that they had. She described the letters as if she had love getting them, as if she thought they were sweet. As he starts to rave and regularise cruel things, such as that he did not love her, she cried out for the sweet heavenly powers to save and restore him. Although he was insane and she was not supposed to love him, a very short period of time reveals that she cherishes their past and wishes for him to return to his p revious state.As Ophelia wondered to herself after he left hand nigh what a noble mind is here oerthrown, we see how she thinks highly of him and she regrets what has befallen him. After Polonius is killed by Hamlet, Ophelia begins to act insane, singing and dancing. Her songs may seem like nonsense or just random ravings, alone upon coating inspection, there are messages in her words. When she started singing To-morrow is Saint Valentines day, All in the morning betime, And I a maid at your window, To be your Valentine. Then up he rose, and donnd his clothes, And duppd the chamber-door permit in the maid, that out a maid.Never at rest(p) more. Valentines is the day of love, she was at the window, hoping to be his valentine. In the morning, the door that let a maid in would never let out a maid again. There are a few interpretations of this. She is a maid, or a love, that will not leave his heart. She could be stuck in his heart, seeing as the maids never departed again. She is singing about love and a man opening a door on Valentines Day. Any underlying messages in her songs are all similar. One is about true love, one is about a terminal, and another one contains a section that goes before you tumbled me, You promised me to wed. All of these songs validate that Ophelia is deeply in love with Hamlet. Whether or not he very promised to marry her, she brought it up, perhaps from a previous experience with him, perhaps from subconscious desire. Whether or not she is insane, she is expressing emotions about love, being trapped in love, the death of a love, and a promise of love. The conclusion that she must love him can be drawn. Her admiration, her caring for him, and her sweet words about his tokens are not those of someone who has no feelings for him. She is confused because of the contrast between her feelings and her familys instructions.Having been taught to follow her orders, she is acting as if Hamlet means nothing to her. When paying close atte ntion to her, we can find many indications that there was love and unflustered is. After her father was killed, she was singing more about love than about things that could relate to her father. Rather than see how she is not allowed to love him and does not show any love, how she feels is easily visible through her words and actions. She did love Hamlet before she committed suicide, it was just forbidden, which did not stop it from leaking out.

West Virginia State Board of Education

It under bearable that at that place are received unalienable rights that we, as human beings, possess. These rights digestt be, or should never be, taken inter earthal from us. Of course, there discombobulate been m some(prenominal) a(prenominal) great crusaders who piddle fought with e actuallything they owned to make sure that we kept those rights. The less(prenominal)on West Virginia read get along with of knowledge v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624, is a case that very expresses the beliefs and interests of the clock time. The case reached the US autonomous Court after there was bulky controversy on both sides of the debate.It just so happened that three days in the beginning this case, in 1940, the US Supreme Court ruled in the case of the Minnersville School dominion v. Gobitis, 310 U. S. 586, that it was necessary for every school learner to stand to drink and pledge eachegiance to the keel. The run of saluting and pledging, along with the tenet of American h istory and ideals for the purpose of teaching, fostering and perpetuating the ideals, principles and spirit of Americanism, and increasing the experience of the organization and machinery of the government. 1 The justices voted 8 to 1 for the Minnersville School regulate to delineate teachers to salute and pledge to the pin, leaving further Justice Harlan Stone to dissent. thus on January 9, 1942, Minnersville Board of instruction came up with a resolution.This resolution contained recitals that were for the most part from the Courts Gobitis decision. The resolution said that every school student and teacher analogous must salute and pledge allegiance to the flag, and if eitherone disobeyed this law, it would be regarded as an act of insubordination, and shall be dealt with accordingly. 2 This meant that they would be immediately be expelled from the school, and only be allowed back into the school if they denounce theyre acts and agree to honor the flag as stated in th e resolution.And any such kidskin shall be treated as being unlawfully absent from school during the time he refuses to comply with such requirements and regulations, and any person having legal or actual control of such child shall be liable to pursuance under the provisions of this article for the absence of such child from school. 3 This parent or guardian is then in jeopardy of bein g given a all right non to exceed $50 and shut away term not exceeding thirty days. This, however, fueled a few sparks, especially among some relatively religious sect of people. Namely, the sect was the shapers Witnesses, which is a division between them and Catholicism.The Witnesses believe in God, as do regular Catholic Christians do, yet they strongly believe that the stipulation imposed be law of God is superior to that of laws enacted by temporal government. 4 Basically, they feel that laws made by mere mortals cant be obeyed when a law of God contradicts it.Their definition of laws fro m God scratchs from a very literal and precise interpretation of Exodus, Chapter 20, verses 4 and 5 5, which says grand shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any relation of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth thou shalt now bow flock thyself to They feel that the flag stands for, or is a symbol, which directly contradicts their view of this content from God.For this reason they refuse to salute the flag. The boy, Walter Barnette, was taken out of class when he refused to stand for the pledge of allegiance. He was accused of disrupting the class, of being obnoxious, and of being a threat to field security. No matter how lots of an overreaction this was, we have to call this happened in the stratum 1943, about the time the Second World state of war broke out and at a time nationalism in this kingdom was running high. He belonged to a family of firm-believing Jehovahs Witnesses.His family pleaded t o a District Court of three judges, and argued that they had a right to not stand if they did not require to. They also argued that it was a blatant denial of theyre First Amendment rights, including the granting immunity of religion and the freedom of speech, and that the laws were unconstitutional, violating their due process and friction match protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. The court of law restrained their enforcement of the resolution the West Virginia separate Board of Education took the case to the US Supreme Court by direct appeal.Once in court by March 11th, 1943, the hearings began. The Board of Education argued that just three years ago the court had resolute that the Board of Education could force the students to stand to salute and pledge to the flag. Since the court had already decided that they were allowed to do this, the people had to abide by the US Supreme Courts decision. Also, the West Virginia State Board of Education argued that since th e job of the schools was to teach them US History as well as Americanism, all they were doing was teaching the students to be good, honest Americans.They argued that there was no residuum between them teaching the students about great Abraham Lincoln and brave stymy Jackson then teaching them to the salute the flag-which would foster a respectable pride for their nation. They also argued that it was a matter of national security to control the masses united. They felt that they had a duty to preserve the national unity, and the only way to make sure this happened would be to make sure there is strong nationalism, which can be heightened be pledging to the national flag, which goes wish well this I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic, for which it stands one nation, under God, indivisible, with improperness and justice for all. The Board of education also argued that the boys parents had the choice of sending them to a private scho ol, instead of the public schools. They said that they didnt have to go to a public school. And since the funds for the public schools come from the state, they had the right to raise the students as they pleased, which included teaching the students to be warning Americans.The Jehovahs Witnesses argued back that the command in the Minnersville School District v. Gobitis was tremendously biased, and was blatantly unconstitutional, since it was an incredible violation of theyre First Amendment rights, which includes the freedom of worship. They felt that since it was in their religion to not salute the flag, they shouldnt be forced to do so. They also argued that the ceremony was too much like the salute Hitler forced his people to do-the salute where the hand is outstretched a little above the heart.Also, it was too much like the fascist obligatory salute. They argued that the idea of the gestures like that was extremely unconstitutional and takes away a ring of our rights that are seemingly guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. In the Minnersville School District v. Gobitis (1940), all solely one of the Supreme Court Justices voted that the boards of education do have the right to impose the salute and pledge on the students. The only judge to dissent was the brave Justice Harlon Stone. However, in 1942, a year before the West Virginia State Board of Education v.Barnette case, there was a very interesting turn of nonethelessts. There was a US Supreme Court case, not involved with either of the two flag salute cases, where the court reversed its decision and held the compulsory flag salute as being unconstitutional. Three of the initial judges, Justices Black, Douglas, and Murphy, publicly recanted their decision, making the case live again. The next year, however, they didnt make the same mistake. The Court ruled in favor of Walter Barnette and his family, that forcing people to salute to the flag was unconstitutional.However, their decision was based les s on the Freedom of Religion clause under the First Amendment, but under the Freedom of Speech clause. They decided that it was a form of uttering that they were mantic to perform towards the flag, a symbol of the United States. In this manner, they were outlawing the enforcement of the resolution altogether-you didnt have to have a religious conflict with saluting and pledging to the flag, you could just not agree with the idea of saluting and not do it all. On June 14th, 1943, Mr.Justice Jackson, along with the other 5 Justices of the previous Gobitis case, voted that it was unconstitutional for any board of education, or anyone in the United States, to impose their ideas on anyone in that fashion. The Court voted 6-3 in favor of the Barnettes and the Jehovahs Witnesses. Justices Frankfurter delivered the opinion of the dissenting party. He felt sympathy for the minority in this case, but couldnt get down any constitutional right in their favor. According to him, he warned that minorities can disrupt civil society nd there is NOTHING in the Constitution which subordinates the general civil authority of the state to sectarian scruples. Because of the ruling of the court, a lot of questions and speculations were finally put to rest. It would be decades later before this type of flag case would need to be contested again. However, even in that ruling, the justices sided for the freedom of speech. The precedent was set and it has never been overturned. The West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624, was an extremely important case.Because of this case, people began to realize how much of a violation the enforcement of the resolution to salute the flag was. People agnize such a practice cant be enforced, but should only be done in a state of living pride for the country. Also, in a political sense, the people realized that it was sedate wrong to force people to salute the flag. The government thought it was doing the country such a fa vor by making every child in the nation patriotic, but since the utterance was done only because they were told to, it had no real meaning, and didnt necessarily institute patriotism.During the Second World contend (1939 1945), the government was eager to make sure that the union was really united. The bulls eye that someone was saluting the flag raised eyebrows for more than the said reasons. Not only did they disrespect the rules of this nation, but the Jehovahs Witnesses were also thought to have double interests. They thought the Witnesses could easily have been a threat to national security because they could a stirred a revolt amongst those who didnt funding the war.There are a lot of different sides to this case, and all the sides have really good reasons to support their case. Thats what makes this case so challenging to judge. However, I agree with Mr. Justice Jackson and the other judges who voted that Walter Barnette has certain unalienable rights that just cant be t aken away from him. He has the right to stand, sit, or do anything he feels like during the pledge. In his right to sit during the pledge, he is not hurting anyone or violating anyone elses rights by doing so, so in my opinion, there shouldnt be any reason to judge the case any other way.The argument that the nation would not be united if they didnt all salute the flag is outrageous. First of all, the students arent saluting the flag because of there incredible sense of pride, but merely because they have to. Second of all, if the government forced us to all stand straight at the same time and recite a national poem glorifying the nation at the national flag (sounds very Hitler-ish, doesnt it), then the very reason that millions have so much love and pride for this country will vanish with that freedom.We have to date that we cant force people to like something, they have to want to like it. In the case West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624, the judges d ecided that the board of education could not force any student to salute the American flag and recite the pledge of allegiance. This was a case where the very existence of the United States was at the hands of these fine justices as we know it. If it wasnt for the extremely knowledgeable justices that judged the case, we would have alienated something profoundly special.